Hydrocarbon burner



Aug. 21, 1928. v 1,681,302

C. E. MAIN HYDROCARBON I BURNER Oniginal Filed Dec. 9. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug- 21, 1928.

PATENT o ence.

UNITED STATES CHARLES E. MAIN, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

HYDROCARBON BURNER.

Application filed December 9, 1922, Serial No. 605,908. Renewed June 30, 1928.

. My invention relates to improvements in hydro-carbon burners. 1

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a burner which'will burn distillate oileconomically and efliciently without the production of soot or smoke.

A further object of my invention is to provide a burner of the kind described, which is simple in construction, cheap to'make, not

liable to get out of order, which may be easily and quickly mounted in a stove or -furnace,

which can be readily cleaned and easily and quickly regulated, and which will effect complete combustion of the oil.

The novel features of myinvention are hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accom anying drawings, which illustrate the preferred embodiment of my invention,

Fig. 1 is a frontview, partly in elevation; and partly in central vertical section of my improved burner. a

Fig. 2is a fragmental vertical sectional view, of a portion of the vaporizing chamher and parts connected therewith.

F ig. 3 is a reduced side elevation of my 1111* proved burner shown mounted in a common type of heating stove, the latter being shown in vertical section.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged top view of the burner.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged bottom view of the burner.

Similar reference characters designate similar parts in the different views.

1 designates the body of-a burner, which is mounted upon a horizontal base plate fl, and which is provided therethrough with a vertical central hole 3, which registers with a hole 4., in the base plate through which air for combustion is supplied, the regulation of such supply being regulatable by any suitable means, as for example, by two horizontal plates 5 and 6. which are respectively pivoted to the under side of the base plate 2, by means of two pins 7. By swinging the plates 5 and 6 toward one another, the supply of air'may be regulated, the plates being arranged to be swung apart from a closed position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5.

Aninverted cup-shapedcapmember 8 has its lower edge resting upon spaced apart lugs 9 provided in the upper peripheral portion of the body 1. The member 8 is internally screw-threaded and has fitted therein a cupshaped member 10, the lower end of which has a central threaded hole in which is fitted bushing 11, in the upper end of which is fitted a jet member 12, providedwith a central vertical jet opening 13, which is adapted to project oil against the under side of the memher 8. In the lower end of the bushing 11 is fitted the upper end of an oil supply pipe 14, connected bya coupling 15, with a pipe 16, the other end of which is connected to a suitably disposed oil tank, not shown.

The member 8 has its periphery spaced apart from the inner periphery of the upper portion of the body. 1, thus providing an annular passage 17 for the passage of air which is supplied toth'e flame, which burns above the top of the member 8. i j 5 l The member 1 is provi-dedwith two dia-' metrically oppositely disposed tubular bosses 18 in which are respectively-fitted two set jecting stem 24.- on which is fitted adisk valve 25, which is adapted to beadjusted toward and from the front end of the casting 23, for regulating the supply ofairsupplied to the tubes 20.- The latter have respectively fitted on their upper ends'two elbows 26, in which Y arerespectively fitted. the outer ends of two I horizontal tubes 27,"which aline with'each other and which have'their inner ends r'espectively fitted in opposite ends of a T, in

the lower end of which is fitted a nozzle 29, i

which, preferably, converges to a smaller diameter at its lower end, and which is spaced 7 apart from and is adapted to discharge mixed air and oil vapor against the upper side of the member 8. The latter isprovided with a peripheral restricted discharge opening 30, in which is fitted a horizontal tube 31', the outer end of which is mounted in a T, 32, in the lower end of which is fittedla removable plug 33. Inthe upper end of theT 32 is fitted the lower end of a tube 34,the upper end of which connects with the lower'end of avertieal expansion and superheating chamber 35, which is located so as to be heated to a high'degree iii (ill

of heat by the flame which burns above. the member 8.

To the upper end of the chamber 35 is connccted a vertical tube 36. the upper end of which connects with a T 37 in the upper end oi which titted a remo able clean-out plug 38. The T37 is connected by a horizontal pipe 339, with a T 40, in the upper end of which is titted a removable clean-out plug -11. The lower end of theT it) has fitted in it a vertical tube 42. which is mounted in a threaded busl1ing %3, which is fitted in the upper end oi. the T The tube 42 is slidably adjustable in the bushing 43. to permit of the vertical adjustment of the tubes 2t), pipes 2T. T 28 and nozzle 2!), when it is desired to adjust the latter toward and from the top of the member 8, for etlecting the.best combustion.

In the lower end of the tube 42 is fitted a vertical tube 44. located axially in the nozzle 29 and having fitted on its lower end a screw cap 45 provided with a central jet discharge. opening" -16. which islocated. u'eferably. substantially in the horizontal plane at which the nozzle 29 begins to converge.

Mounted in the body 1 is an annular burner pipe/i7, which is disposed horizontally and which is provided on its upper side with a plurality of gas discharge openings 48, disposed sothat the burning gas discharged from said opening will heat the members 8 and 10 preliminarily.

The under side of the annular gas burner 47 has connected to it the upper end of a gas supply pipe 49, which may be connected to any suitable source of gas supply.

The piping 16 's provided with a regulating valve 50, Fig. 3, with which the supply of oil to the burner may be regulated. The members 8 and 10 form a vaporizing chamber in which oil discharged from the jet opening 13 is vaporized.

In mounting the burner, in a furnace. or for example. in a stove 51, the grate ot the tatter is removed and in its place is substituted the base plate 2, with the ren'iaining portions of the burner supported thereby.

The smoke pipe 52 is provided with the usual damper 53, and the usual rcgulatable cold air inlet 54. Cement may be employed around the edge of the base plate 2. so that no air can pass upwardly through the stove to the fiuewith which it is connected exceptingthrough the openinga and through the air heating tubesQO. The fuel feed door 5:") istightly closed, so that no air can be admitted into the stove throughthe fuel feed opening. The base 56 of the stove isprovided with the usual front opening 57 through which air is admitted to the burner.

{Upon first starting the burner intoopcration; gas issupplied to the annular burner pipe 47. and the gas issuing from the openings i8 mixes with air which passes upwardly through the opcliing 4 and body 1. The mixed gas and air in burning brats the members S and ltl suliicicntly to instantly vaporize oil discharged from thejcttmcning 13. When this degree of heat has been obtained. the valve 50 is regulated so as to admit oil into the vaporizing chamliicr thrtmgh the jct opening 13. [he jet of oil striking the under side of the member 8 is vaporized and passes from the vaporizing chamber through the restricted opening 3(7). into the expansion and superheating cluunber35. in which the oil vapor is both expanded and superheated and then passes through the tube 36. T 37, pipe ii). T 40, and tube 42, into the tube it from which itis discharged through the jet ()L'JLlllflg 46 into the nozzle 99.

The disk valves are regulated so as to permit air to enter the tubes 20. through which the air'is upwardly drawn by means of the fine. dral't which is exerted at the lower end of the nozzle 2!), thus drawing air upwardly through the tubes 20 and thence into the tubes 27 and through the T :28 from which the air thus drawn passes downwardly through the nozzle 21) which forms a mixing chamber in which the heated air is thoroughly mixed with the highly heated oil vapor which is discharged through the constricted lower cud 'ot' the nozzle :20, the highly heated mixture being discharged dowmwardly against the upper side. oi the member 8. where the mixcd'air and vapor is ignited. The gas supply to the burner tube may now be discontinued. after which the flame which is burning above the cap 9 will be supplied with air admitted through the opening 4.

By adjusting the plates 5 and t3. the disk valves '25. the damper 5C}. and the air inl t valve 54. and by properly adjusting the tubes E20. so that the lower cml ol' the nozzle :29 will be at. the proper distance from the member 8. distillate oil may be burned with an intcm'cly hot purple llammin which a maximum llcgl'ec oi combustion of the fuel will be ctl'cctcd.

As in my invention. the air to be mixed with the highly heated oil vapor is caused to mi therewith only try the tlue draft. the regulation ol' the air supply. by means of the alvcs 25. the plates .3 and t3, the damper .353 and the air inlet Fri. must b cll'ectcd to correspond with the strength of the flue dra l't.

Vith the use of my invention in the manner described. suljlstantially perfect't-omlulstion of thc'oil is clie ctcd without the prmluction of smoke or soot. with the produclioli of a maxinuun amount of heat in thestove or turnacc and with a ,minimum oi loss of heat through the flue. Thor-c parts of the burner which are liable to become clogged with carbonaceous deposits are easily accessible for cleaning purposes. liy removing the. plug ii. access maybe readily had to the interior of the pipe 3!). T 40 and tubesli and ll. Ry removing the plugs 33 and 38, access to the interior of the superheating chamber 35 and to the restricted opening 30 may be obtained. The convergence of the lower portion of the nozzle29 effects a much more thorough intermingling of the heated airand the heated vapor jet than can be obtained with a straight nozzle. As shown in Fig. 1, the nozzle 29 has threaded connection with the T 28, whereby the nozzle can be longitudinally adjusted toward and from the vaporizing chamber 8. Such adjustment, and the longitudinal adjustment of the conductor 20 enable the burner to be adapted for good combustion with dif ferent flue drafts and for different amounts of fuel used. By having the tube 44 extending into the nozzle, as shown, a through mixture of air and vapor is obtained with the prevention of back firing and with a maximum of efiiciency.

That I claim is j 1. In a hydro-carbon burner, a vaporizing chamber having an outlet, means for pro-- jecting a liquid fuel jet against the inner wall of said chamber, a super-heating and expansion chamber communicating with said outlet, a mixing chamber comprising a discharge nozzle which converges toward its discharge end arranged to discharge against, the outer surface of the vaporizing chamber, a vapor conductor communicating with said superheating and expansion chamber and arranged to discharge a vapor jet outwardly through said nozzle, and an air conductor having an air inlet provided with draft regulating means and discharging into said mixing chamber, the superheating chamber and said air conductor being arranged to be heated by the flame of mixed air and vapor discharged from said nozzle, substantially as set forth.

2. In a hydro-carbon burner, a vaporizing chamber having an outlet, supporting means therefor, means for projecting a liquid fuel jet against the inner wall of said chamber, an expansion and super-heating chamber communicating with said outlet, an air conductor longitudinally adjustable on and supported by said supporting means, a mixing chamber communicating with said air conductor and supported thereby and comprising a dis charge nozzle arranged to discharge. against the outer surface of said vaporizing chamber, and a vapor conductor communicating with said super-heating chamber and extending into and arranged to discharge into and through said nozzle, the superheating chamber and said air conductor being arranged to be heated by the flame of mixed air and vapor discharged from said nozzle, substantially as set forth.

3. In a hydro-carbon burner, a tabular burner, body having an air inlet, means for regulating air entering said inlet, a second burner body located in and encircled by and spaced apart from the first named body and having a vaporizing chamber provided with an outlet, a super-heating and expansion chamber communicating with said outlet, a mixing chamber comprising a discharge nozzle arranged to discharge against the outer surface-of said vaporizing chamber, a vapor conductor communicating with said superheating chamber and discharging intoand through said nozzle, means for discharging a liquid fuel jet into said vaporizing chamber, an air conductor supporting the mixing chamber and discharging therein and longitudinally adjustable so as to fix the nozzle at different distances from said vaporizing chamber and having an air inlet and means for regulating the amount of air entering the inlet of said air conductor, the latter and the superheating chamber being disposed so as to be heated by a flame of mixed air and vapor discharged from said nozzle, substantially as set forth.

4:. In a device of the kind described, the combination with a combustion chamber having a flue provided with draft regulating means, of a burner located in said chamber having a tubular body provided with an air inlet communicating with the atmosphere outside of said combustion chamber, means for regulating air entering said inlet, a vaporizing chamber located in and extending on each side of said burner body, and having an outlet, a superheating chamber communicatng with said outlet, a mixing chamber comprising a discharge nozzle arranged to discharge in said combustion chamber against the outer surface of said vaporizingchamber, a vapor conductor communicating with said superheating chamber and discharging through said nozzle, means for discharging liquid fuel into said vaporizing chamber, and an air conductor discharging into the mixing chamber and having an air inlet communicating with the atmosphere at the exterior of said combustion chamber and provided with air controlling means independent of said air regulating means, said conductor and said superheating chamber being disposed so as to be heated by the flame of the burner within said combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

5. In a device of the kind described, a com bustion chamber having a draft flue provided with draft regulating means, a tubular burner body having an air inlet communicating with the atmosphere at the exterior of-the combustion chamber, means for regulating said air entering said inlet, a vaporizing chamber in said combustion chamber having an outlet, means for supplying liquid fuel to said'vaporiz'ing chamber, a superhcating chamber communicating with said outlet, a mixing chamber comprising a discharge nozzle disposed so as to discharge against the outer surface of said vaporizing chamber in said combustion chamber, and an air conductor supporting said mixing chamber and discharging therein and longitudinally adjustable, so as to fix said nozzle at di-fl'erent distances from said vaporizing chamber and having an air inlet provided with draft regulating means and communicating with the atmosphere at the exterior of said combustion chamber, said conductor and said superheating chamber being disposed so asto be heated in said combustion chamber by the flame of mixed vapor and air discharged from said nozzle, substantially as set; forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

CHARLES E. MAIN. 

